众神的国度,神秘感满满。展品都很精致,有些充满外太空感。
“沉睡数千年,一醒惊天下”。三星堆博物馆景区内主要看点在于陈列文物的两个展馆,分别为一号展馆(综合馆)和二号展馆(青铜馆)。综合馆中有享誉世界的一号和二号青铜神树,有青铜大立人像,也有象征权力的金杖。而青铜馆内,就有三星堆的代表性文物--青铜纵目面具。
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青铜大立人像
年代:商
尺寸:人像高180CM(冠顶至足底),通高260.8CM
在三星堆众多的青铜雕像群中,足以领衔群像的最高统治者非大立人像莫属,——不论是从服饰、形像还是体量等各方面看,这尊大立人像都堪称它们的“领袖”人物。其整体形象典重庄严,似乎表现的是一个具有通天异禀、神威赫赫的大人物正在作法。其所站立的方台,即可理解为其作法的道场——神坛或神山。
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青铜大立人像
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象征权力的金杖
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金杖
年代:商
尺寸:长143厘米,直径2.3厘米,重约463克
三星堆祭祀坑出土的金杖是已出土的中国同时期金器中体量最大的一件。在地中海沿岸的古希腊文明、古埃及文明、古巴比伦文明及其他的西亚文明中,均有以杖形物作为神权、王权等最高权力象征的文化现象,故一些专家学者推测金杖的文化因素来源于西亚近东文明,是文化交流、文化传播和采借的产物。
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青铜神树
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青铜纵目面具
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青铜纵目面具
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青铜纵目面具
年代:商
尺寸:高66cm,宽138cm
在三星堆出土的众多青铜面具中,造型最奇特、最宏伟壮观的要算这件有“千里眼”、“顺风耳”之誉的青铜纵目面具。其形象特征为:眉尖上挑,双眼斜长,眼球呈极度夸张,呈柱状向前纵凸伸出达16厘米;双耳向两侧充分展开;短鼻梁,鼻翼呈牛鼻状向上内卷;口阔而深,口缝深长上扬,似微露舌尖,作神秘微笑状。其额部正中有一方孔,可能原补铸有精美的额饰,可以想象,它原来的整体形象当更为精绝雄奇。
超现实的造型使得这尊造像显得威凌八方,其神秘静穆、威严正大之气给人以强烈威慑感。它是天神还是人中至尊?最令人费解的就是其夸张的双眼与双耳,是视通万里、耳听四方的神异能力的象征?古文献记载蜀人始祖蚕丛的形象特征即为“其目纵”。在中国上古神话中,还有一个人面蛇身、掌控天地明晦的天神烛龙,其形象特征是“直目正乘”,也就是“直眼球”。纵目面具的造像依据很可能与古史所记述的蚕丛和烛龙的形象都有关。同坑出土的青铜戴冠纵目面具或许与“烛龙”神话有更密切的联系。目前,对这尊造像的研究除普遍认为它表现的是蜀族始祖蚕丛外,尚有几种不同意见:或认为它应是兽面具,或认为面具左右伸展的大耳是杜鹃鸟的翅膀,其形象应是古史传说中死后魂化为杜鹃鸟的第四代蜀王杜宇之偶像,或认为它是太阳神形象,等等。我们倾向于认为这件面具既非单纯的“人面像”,也不是纯粹的“兽面具”,而是一种人神同形、人神合一的意象造型,巨大的体量、极为夸张的眼与耳都是为强化其神性,它应是古蜀人的祖先神造像。
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青铜纵目面具
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青铜纵目面具
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青铜太阳轮
年代:商
尺寸:直径85cm这种形制的器物应即是“太阳形器”。它是常设在古蜀国神庙中的神器。又或用于祭祀仪式,钉挂在某种物体之上,作为太阳之象征接受人们的顶礼膜拜。
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